Alloy steel pipes are important materials in the building and construction industry because of their performance characteristics such as ductility, ease of fixing without heat treatment and high durability. They are an alloy of stainless steel, chromium and nickel. Some special types of alloy steel pipes include large diameter welded pipes, electric fusion welded pipes, welded pipes and seamless pipes. They are extremely useful for high-temperature or corrosive applications besides high-pressure environments.
Alloying elements
There are around 20 alloying elements that can be added to carbon steel to produce various grades of alloy steel. These provide different types of properties. Some of the elements used and their effects include:
Aluminium – can rid steel of phosphorous, sulfur and oxygen
Chromium – can increase toughness, hardness and wear resistance
Copper – can increase corrosion resistance and harness
Manganese – can increase high-temperature strength, wear resistance, ductility and hardenability
Nickel – can increase corrosion, oxidation resistance and strength
Silicon – can increase magnetism and strength
Tungsten – can increase strength and hardness
Vanadium – can increase corrosion, shock resistance, strength and toughness
Alloy steel products and their applications
There are hundreds of products that can be manufactured with alloy steels of varying compositions. These include alloy steel pipes and tubes, alloy steel plates, sheets and coils, alloy steel bars, rods and wires, alloy steel forged fittings, alloy steel buttweld fittings, alloy steel flanges, fasteners and more. Alloy steels have many uses in various industries such as automobiles, mining, machinery and equipment, railways,road construction, buildings, appliances and off-shore applications.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
ASTM A335 | UNS | C≤ | Mn | P≤ | S≤ | Si≤ | Cr | Mo |
P1 | K11522 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.80 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.50 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
P2 | K11547 | 0.10~0.20 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.10~0.30 | 0.50~0.81 | 0.44~0.65 |
P5 | K41545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
P5b | K51545 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.00~2.00 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
P5c | K41245 | 0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 4.00~6.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
P9 | S50400 | 0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 8.00~10.00 | 0.44~0.65 |
P11 | K11597 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.61 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.50~1.00 | 1.00~1.50 | 0.44~0.65 |
P12 | K11562 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 0.80~1.25 | 0.44~0.65 |
P15 | K11578 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 1.15~1.65 | – | 0.44~0.65 |
P21 | K31545 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 2.65~3.35 | 0.80~1.60 |
P22 | K21590 | 0.05~0.15 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.025 | 0.025 | 0.5 | 1.90~2.60 | 0.87~1.13 |
P91 | K91560 | 0.08~0.12 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.20~0.50 | 8.00~9.50 | 0.85~1.05 |
P92 | K92460 | 0.07~0.13 | 0.30~0.60 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.5 | 8.50~9.50 | 0.30~0.60 |
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Hardness | ||||||
A335 Low-Alloy Pipe | UNS Number | Yield Strength ksi | Tensile Strength ksi | Elongation % | Rockwell | Brinell |
P1 | K11522 | 30 | 55 | 30 | – | – |
P2 | K11547 | 30 | 55 | 30 | – | – |
P5 | K41545 | 40 | 70 | 30 | – | 207 max |
P9 | S50400 | 30 | 60 | 30 | – | – |
P11 | K11597 | 30 | 60 | 20 | – | – |
P12 | K11562 | 32 | 60 | 30 | – | 174 max |
P22 | K21590 | 30 | 60 | 30 | – | – |
P91 | K91560 | 60 | 85 | 20 | – | – |
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