Медно-никелевый сплав
латунь
Медная полоса
медная тарелка
медная труба
Голая медная катанка C1100
Медные сплавы — это металлические сплавы, основным компонентом которых является медь. Они обладают высокой устойчивостью к коррозии. Наиболее известными традиционными типами являются бронза, в которую существенно добавляется олово, и латунь, в которой вместо цинка используется цинк.
Сходство внешнего вида различных сплавов, а также различные комбинации элементов, используемых при изготовлении каждого из них. сплава, может привести к путанице при классификации различных составов. Существует около 400 различных составов меди и медных сплавов, которые условно сгруппированы в категории: медь, сплавы с высоким содержанием меди, латуни, бронзы, медно-никелевые, медь-никель-цинк (нейзильбер), свинцовая медь и специальные сплавы. р>
Family | Principal alloying element | UNS numbers |
---|---|---|
Copper alloys, brass | Zinc (Zn) | C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–C69800 |
Phosphor bronze | Tin (Sn) | C5xxxx |
Aluminium bronzes | Aluminium (Al) | C60600–C64200 |
Silicon bronzes | Silicon (Si) | C64700–C66100 |
Cupronickel, nickel silvers | Nickel (Ni) | C7xxxx |
Name | Nominal composition (percentages) | Form and condition | Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi) | Tensile strength (ksi) | Elongation in 2 inches (percent) | Hardness (Brinell scale) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) | Cu 99.9 | Annealed | 10 | 32 | 45 | 42 | Electrical equipment, roofing, screens |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 45 | 15 | 90 | " |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 40 | 46 | 5 | 100 | " |
Gilding metal (ASTM B36) | Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0 | Cold-rolled | 50 | 56 | 5 | 114 | Coins, bullet jackets |
Cartridge brass (ASTM B14, B19, B36, B134, B135) | Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0 | Cold-rolled | 63 | 76 | 8 | 155 | Good for cold-working; radiators, hardware, electrical, drawn cartridge cases. |
Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159) | Cu 89.75, Sn 10.0, P 0.25 | Spring temper | — | 122 | 4 | 241 | High fatigue-strength and spring qualities |
Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135) | Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0 | Annealed | 18 | 48 | 60 | 55 | Good corrosion resistance |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 55 | 70 | 15 | 115 | " |
" | " | Cold-rolled (HT) | 60 | 74 | 10 | 180 | " |
Manganese bronze (ASTM 138) | Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3 | Annealed | 30 | 60 | 30 | 95 | Forgings |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 50 | 80 | 20 | 180 | " |
Naval brass (ASTM B21) | Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75 | Annealed | 22 | 56 | 40 | 90 | Resistance to salt corrosion |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 65 | 35 | 150 | " |
Muntz metal (ASTM B111) | Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0 | Annealed | 20 | 54 | 45 | 80 | Condensor tubes |
Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150) | Cu 92.0, Al 8.0 | Annealed | 25 | 70 | 60 | 80 | — |
" | " | Hard | 65 | 105 | 7 | 210 | " |
Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197) | Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25 | Annealed, solution-treated | 32 | 70 | 45 | B60 (Rockwell) | Electrical, valves, pumps, oilfield tools, aerospace landing gears, robotic welding, mold making |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 104 | 110 | 5 | B81 (Rockwell) | " |
Free-cutting brass | Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5 | Cold-drawn | 44 | 70 | 18 | B80 (Rockwell) | Screws, nuts, gears, keys |
Nickel silver (ASTM B122) | Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0 | Annealed | 25 | 58 | 40 | 70 | Hardware |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 70 | 85 | 4 | 170 | " |
Nickel silver (ASTM B149) | Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0 | Cast | 18 | 35 | 15 | 55 | Easy to machine; ornaments, plumbing |
Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171) | Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4 | Annealed | 22 | 44 | 45 | – | Condensor, salt-water pipes |
" | " | Cold-drawn tube | 57 | 60 | 15 | – | " |
Cupronickel | Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0 | Wrought | – | – | – | – | Heat-exchange equipment, valves |
Ounce metal Copper alloy C83600 (also known as "Red brass" or "composition metal") (ASTM B62) | Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0 | Cast | 17 | 37 | 25 | 60 | — |
Gunmetal (known as "red brass" in US) | Varies Cu 80-90%, Zn <5%, Sn ~10%, +other elements@ <1% |
Family | CDA | AMS | UNS | Cu [%] | Sn [%] | Pb [%] | Zn [%] | Ni [%] | Fe [%] | Al [%] | Other [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red brass | 833 | C83300 | 93 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 4 | |||||
C83400 | 90 | 10 | |||||||||
836 | 4855B | C83600 | 85 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||
838 | C83800 | 83 | 4 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
Semi-red brass | 844 | C84400 | 81 | 3 | 7 | 9 | |||||
845 | C84500 | 78 | 3 | 7 | 12 | ||||||
848 | C84800 | 76 | 3 | 6 | 15 | ||||||
Manganese bronze | C86100 | 67 | 0.5 | 21 | 3 | 5 | Mn 4 | ||||
862† | C86200 | 64 | 26 | 3 | 4 | Mn 3 | |||||
863† | 4862B | C86300 | 63 | 25 | 3 | 6 | Mn 3 | ||||
865 | 4860A | C86500 | 58 | 0.5 | 39.5 | 1 | 1 | Mn 0.25 | |||
Tin bronze | 903 | C90300 | 88 | 8 | 4 | ||||||
905 | 4845D | C90500 | 88 | 10 | 0.3 max | 2 | |||||
907 | C90700 | 89 | 11 | 0.5 max | 0.5 max | ||||||
Leaded tin bronze | 922 | C92200 | 88 | 6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | |||||
923 | C92300 | 87 | 8 | 1 max | 4 | ||||||
926 | 4846A | C92600 | 87 | 10 | 1 | 2 | |||||
927 | C92700 | 88 | 10 | 2 | 0.7 max | ||||||
High-leaded tin bronze | 932 | C93200 | 83 | 7 | 7 | 3 | |||||
934 | C93400 | 84 | 8 | 8 | 0.7 max | ||||||
935 | C93500 | 85 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0.5 max | |||||
937 | 4842A | C93700 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 0.7 max | |||||
938 | C93800 | 78 | 7 | 15 | 0.75 max | ||||||
943 | 4840A | C94300 | 70 | 5 | 25 | 0.7 max | |||||
Aluminium bronze | 952 | C95200 | 88 | 3 | 9 | ||||||
953 | C95200 | 89 | 1 | 10 | |||||||
954 | 4870B 4872B | C95400 | 85 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
C95410 | 85 | 4 | 11 | Ni 2 | |||||||
955 | C95500 | 81 | 4 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
C95600 | 91 | 7 | Si 2 | ||||||||
C95700 | 75 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Mn 12 | ||||||
958 | C95800 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 9 | Mn 1 | |||||
Silicon bronze | C87200 | 89 | Si 4 | ||||||||
C87400 | 83 | 14 | Si 3 | ||||||||
C87500 | 82 | 14 | Si 4 | ||||||||
C87600 | 90 | 5.5 | Si 4.5 | ||||||||
878 | C87800 | 80 | 14 | Si 4 | |||||||
C87900 | 65 | 34 | Si 1 | ||||||||
† Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties |