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Aleación de cobre y níquel
latón
Tira de cobre
Plato de cobre
tubo de cobre
Varillas de alambre de cobre desnudo C1100
Las aleaciones de cobre son aleaciones metálicas que tienen cobre como componente principal. Tienen alta resistencia contra la corrosión. Los tipos tradicionales más conocidos son el bronce, donde el estaño es un añadido importante, y el latón, utilizando en su lugar zinc.
La similitud en el aspecto exterior de las distintas aleaciones, junto con las diferentes combinaciones de elementos utilizados en la fabricación de cada una aleación, puede dar lugar a confusión a la hora de categorizar las diferentes composiciones. Hay hasta 400 composiciones diferentes de cobre y aleaciones de cobre agrupadas libremente en las siguientes categorías: cobre, aleaciones con alto contenido de cobre, latones, bronces, cobre-níquel, cobre-níquel-zinc (alpaca), cobre con plomo y aleaciones especiales. p>
| Family | Principal alloying element | UNS numbers |
|---|---|---|
| Copper alloys, brass | Zinc (Zn) | C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–C69800 |
| Phosphor bronze | Tin (Sn) | C5xxxx |
| Aluminium bronzes | Aluminium (Al) | C60600–C64200 |
| Silicon bronzes | Silicon (Si) | C64700–C66100 |
| Cupronickel, nickel silvers | Nickel (Ni) | C7xxxx |
| Name | Nominal composition (percentages) | Form and condition | Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi) | Tensile strength (ksi) | Elongation in 2 inches (percent) | Hardness (Brinell scale) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) | Cu 99.9 | Annealed | 10 | 32 | 45 | 42 | Electrical equipment, roofing, screens |
| " | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 45 | 15 | 90 | " |
| " | " | Cold-rolled | 40 | 46 | 5 | 100 | " |
| Gilding metal (ASTM B36) | Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0 | Cold-rolled | 50 | 56 | 5 | 114 | Coins, bullet jackets |
| Cartridge brass (ASTM B14, B19, B36, B134, B135) | Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0 | Cold-rolled | 63 | 76 | 8 | 155 | Good for cold-working; radiators, hardware, electrical, drawn cartridge cases. |
| Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159) | Cu 89.75, Sn 10.0, P 0.25 | Spring temper | — | 122 | 4 | 241 | High fatigue-strength and spring qualities |
| Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135) | Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0 | Annealed | 18 | 48 | 60 | 55 | Good corrosion resistance |
| " | " | Cold-drawn | 55 | 70 | 15 | 115 | " |
| " | " | Cold-rolled (HT) | 60 | 74 | 10 | 180 | " |
| Manganese bronze (ASTM 138) | Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3 | Annealed | 30 | 60 | 30 | 95 | Forgings |
| " | " | Cold-drawn | 50 | 80 | 20 | 180 | " |
| Naval brass (ASTM B21) | Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75 | Annealed | 22 | 56 | 40 | 90 | Resistance to salt corrosion |
| " | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 65 | 35 | 150 | " |
| Muntz metal (ASTM B111) | Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0 | Annealed | 20 | 54 | 45 | 80 | Condensor tubes |
| Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150) | Cu 92.0, Al 8.0 | Annealed | 25 | 70 | 60 | 80 | — |
| " | " | Hard | 65 | 105 | 7 | 210 | " |
| Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197) | Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25 | Annealed, solution-treated | 32 | 70 | 45 | B60 (Rockwell) | Electrical, valves, pumps, oilfield tools, aerospace landing gears, robotic welding, mold making |
| " | " | Cold-rolled | 104 | 110 | 5 | B81 (Rockwell) | " |
| Free-cutting brass | Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5 | Cold-drawn | 44 | 70 | 18 | B80 (Rockwell) | Screws, nuts, gears, keys |
| Nickel silver (ASTM B122) | Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0 | Annealed | 25 | 58 | 40 | 70 | Hardware |
| " | " | Cold-rolled | 70 | 85 | 4 | 170 | " |
| Nickel silver (ASTM B149) | Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0 | Cast | 18 | 35 | 15 | 55 | Easy to machine; ornaments, plumbing |
| Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171) | Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4 | Annealed | 22 | 44 | 45 | – | Condensor, salt-water pipes |
| " | " | Cold-drawn tube | 57 | 60 | 15 | – | " |
| Cupronickel | Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0 | Wrought | – | – | – | – | Heat-exchange equipment, valves |
| Ounce metal Copper alloy C83600 (also known as "Red brass" or "composition metal") (ASTM B62) | Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0 | Cast | 17 | 37 | 25 | 60 | — |
| Gunmetal (known as "red brass" in US) | Varies Cu 80-90%, Zn <5%, Sn ~10%, +other elements@ <1% |
| Family | CDA | AMS | UNS | Cu [%] | Sn [%] | Pb [%] | Zn [%] | Ni [%] | Fe [%] | Al [%] | Other [%] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Red brass | 833 | C83300 | 93 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 4 | |||||
| C83400 | 90 | 10 | |||||||||
| 836 | 4855B | C83600 | 85 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||
| 838 | C83800 | 83 | 4 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
| Semi-red brass | 844 | C84400 | 81 | 3 | 7 | 9 | |||||
| 845 | C84500 | 78 | 3 | 7 | 12 | ||||||
| 848 | C84800 | 76 | 3 | 6 | 15 | ||||||
| Manganese bronze | C86100 | 67 | 0.5 | 21 | 3 | 5 | Mn 4 | ||||
| 862† | C86200 | 64 | 26 | 3 | 4 | Mn 3 | |||||
| 863† | 4862B | C86300 | 63 | 25 | 3 | 6 | Mn 3 | ||||
| 865 | 4860A | C86500 | 58 | 0.5 | 39.5 | 1 | 1 | Mn 0.25 | |||
| Tin bronze | 903 | C90300 | 88 | 8 | 4 | ||||||
| 905 | 4845D | C90500 | 88 | 10 | 0.3 max | 2 | |||||
| 907 | C90700 | 89 | 11 | 0.5 max | 0.5 max | ||||||
| Leaded tin bronze | 922 | C92200 | 88 | 6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | |||||
| 923 | C92300 | 87 | 8 | 1 max | 4 | ||||||
| 926 | 4846A | C92600 | 87 | 10 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| 927 | C92700 | 88 | 10 | 2 | 0.7 max | ||||||
| High-leaded tin bronze | 932 | C93200 | 83 | 7 | 7 | 3 | |||||
| 934 | C93400 | 84 | 8 | 8 | 0.7 max | ||||||
| 935 | C93500 | 85 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0.5 max | |||||
| 937 | 4842A | C93700 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 0.7 max | |||||
| 938 | C93800 | 78 | 7 | 15 | 0.75 max | ||||||
| 943 | 4840A | C94300 | 70 | 5 | 25 | 0.7 max | |||||
| Aluminium bronze | 952 | C95200 | 88 | 3 | 9 | ||||||
| 953 | C95200 | 89 | 1 | 10 | |||||||
| 954 | 4870B 4872B | C95400 | 85 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
| C95410 | 85 | 4 | 11 | Ni 2 | |||||||
| 955 | C95500 | 81 | 4 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
| C95600 | 91 | 7 | Si 2 | ||||||||
| C95700 | 75 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Mn 12 | ||||||
| 958 | C95800 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 9 | Mn 1 | |||||
| Silicon bronze | C87200 | 89 | Si 4 | ||||||||
| C87400 | 83 | 14 | Si 3 | ||||||||
| C87500 | 82 | 14 | Si 4 | ||||||||
| C87600 | 90 | 5.5 | Si 4.5 | ||||||||
| 878 | C87800 | 80 | 14 | Si 4 | |||||||
| C87900 | 65 | 34 | Si 1 | ||||||||
| † Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties | |||||||||||
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