Liga de cobre e níquel
latão
Tira de cobre
placa de cobre
tubo de cobre
Fio-máquina de cobre nu C1100
As ligas de cobre são ligas metálicas que têm o cobre como principal componente. Possuem alta resistência à corrosão. Os tipos tradicionais mais conhecidos são o bronze, onde o estanho é uma adição significativa, e o latão, usando zinco.
A semelhança na aparência externa das várias ligas, juntamente com as diferentes combinações de elementos usados na fabricação de cada uma. liga, pode causar confusão na categorização das diferentes composições. Existem até 400 composições diferentes de cobre e ligas de cobre agrupadas vagamente nas categorias: cobre, liga de alto cobre, latão, bronze, cobre-níquel, cobre-níquel-zinco (níquel prata), cobre com chumbo e ligas especiais. p>
Family | Principal alloying element | UNS numbers |
---|---|---|
Copper alloys, brass | Zinc (Zn) | C1xxxx–C4xxxx,C66400–C69800 |
Phosphor bronze | Tin (Sn) | C5xxxx |
Aluminium bronzes | Aluminium (Al) | C60600–C64200 |
Silicon bronzes | Silicon (Si) | C64700–C66100 |
Cupronickel, nickel silvers | Nickel (Ni) | C7xxxx |
Name | Nominal composition (percentages) | Form and condition | Yield strength (0.2% offset, ksi) | Tensile strength (ksi) | Elongation in 2 inches (percent) | Hardness (Brinell scale) | Comments |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper (ASTM B1, B2, B3, B152, B124, R133) | Cu 99.9 | Annealed | 10 | 32 | 45 | 42 | Electrical equipment, roofing, screens |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 45 | 15 | 90 | " |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 40 | 46 | 5 | 100 | " |
Gilding metal (ASTM B36) | Cu 95.0, Zn 5.0 | Cold-rolled | 50 | 56 | 5 | 114 | Coins, bullet jackets |
Cartridge brass (ASTM B14, B19, B36, B134, B135) | Cu 70.0, Zn 30.0 | Cold-rolled | 63 | 76 | 8 | 155 | Good for cold-working; radiators, hardware, electrical, drawn cartridge cases. |
Phosphor bronze (ASTM B103, B139, B159) | Cu 89.75, Sn 10.0, P 0.25 | Spring temper | — | 122 | 4 | 241 | High fatigue-strength and spring qualities |
Yellow or High brass (ASTM B36, B134, B135) | Cu 65.0, Zn 35.0 | Annealed | 18 | 48 | 60 | 55 | Good corrosion resistance |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 55 | 70 | 15 | 115 | " |
" | " | Cold-rolled (HT) | 60 | 74 | 10 | 180 | " |
Manganese bronze (ASTM 138) | Cu 58.5, Zn 39.2, Fe 1.0, Sn 1.0, Mn 0.3 | Annealed | 30 | 60 | 30 | 95 | Forgings |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 50 | 80 | 20 | 180 | " |
Naval brass (ASTM B21) | Cu 60.0, Zn 39.25, Sn 0.75 | Annealed | 22 | 56 | 40 | 90 | Resistance to salt corrosion |
" | " | Cold-drawn | 40 | 65 | 35 | 150 | " |
Muntz metal (ASTM B111) | Cu 60.0, Zn 40.0 | Annealed | 20 | 54 | 45 | 80 | Condensor tubes |
Aluminium bronze (ASTM B169 alloy A, B124, B150) | Cu 92.0, Al 8.0 | Annealed | 25 | 70 | 60 | 80 | — |
" | " | Hard | 65 | 105 | 7 | 210 | " |
Beryllium copper (ASTM B194, B196, B197) | Cu 97.75, Be 2.0, Co or Ni 0.25 | Annealed, solution-treated | 32 | 70 | 45 | B60 (Rockwell) | Electrical, valves, pumps, oilfield tools, aerospace landing gears, robotic welding, mold making |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 104 | 110 | 5 | B81 (Rockwell) | " |
Free-cutting brass | Cu 62.0, Zn 35.5, Pb 2.5 | Cold-drawn | 44 | 70 | 18 | B80 (Rockwell) | Screws, nuts, gears, keys |
Nickel silver (ASTM B122) | Cu 65.0, Zn 17.0, Ni 18.0 | Annealed | 25 | 58 | 40 | 70 | Hardware |
" | " | Cold-rolled | 70 | 85 | 4 | 170 | " |
Nickel silver (ASTM B149) | Cu 76.5, Ni 12.5, Pb 9.0, Sn 2.0 | Cast | 18 | 35 | 15 | 55 | Easy to machine; ornaments, plumbing |
Cupronickel (ASTM B111, B171) | Cu 88.35, Ni 10.0, Fe 1.25, Mn 0.4 | Annealed | 22 | 44 | 45 | – | Condensor, salt-water pipes |
" | " | Cold-drawn tube | 57 | 60 | 15 | – | " |
Cupronickel | Cu 70.0, Ni 30.0 | Wrought | – | – | – | – | Heat-exchange equipment, valves |
Ounce metal Copper alloy C83600 (also known as "Red brass" or "composition metal") (ASTM B62) | Cu 85.0, Zn 5.0, Pb 5.0, Sn 5.0 | Cast | 17 | 37 | 25 | 60 | — |
Gunmetal (known as "red brass" in US) | Varies Cu 80-90%, Zn <5%, Sn ~10%, +other elements@ <1% |
Family | CDA | AMS | UNS | Cu [%] | Sn [%] | Pb [%] | Zn [%] | Ni [%] | Fe [%] | Al [%] | Other [%] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Red brass | 833 | C83300 | 93 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 4 | |||||
C83400 | 90 | 10 | |||||||||
836 | 4855B | C83600 | 85 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||
838 | C83800 | 83 | 4 | 6 | 7 | ||||||
Semi-red brass | 844 | C84400 | 81 | 3 | 7 | 9 | |||||
845 | C84500 | 78 | 3 | 7 | 12 | ||||||
848 | C84800 | 76 | 3 | 6 | 15 | ||||||
Manganese bronze | C86100 | 67 | 0.5 | 21 | 3 | 5 | Mn 4 | ||||
862† | C86200 | 64 | 26 | 3 | 4 | Mn 3 | |||||
863† | 4862B | C86300 | 63 | 25 | 3 | 6 | Mn 3 | ||||
865 | 4860A | C86500 | 58 | 0.5 | 39.5 | 1 | 1 | Mn 0.25 | |||
Tin bronze | 903 | C90300 | 88 | 8 | 4 | ||||||
905 | 4845D | C90500 | 88 | 10 | 0.3 max | 2 | |||||
907 | C90700 | 89 | 11 | 0.5 max | 0.5 max | ||||||
Leaded tin bronze | 922 | C92200 | 88 | 6 | 1.5 | 4.5 | |||||
923 | C92300 | 87 | 8 | 1 max | 4 | ||||||
926 | 4846A | C92600 | 87 | 10 | 1 | 2 | |||||
927 | C92700 | 88 | 10 | 2 | 0.7 max | ||||||
High-leaded tin bronze | 932 | C93200 | 83 | 7 | 7 | 3 | |||||
934 | C93400 | 84 | 8 | 8 | 0.7 max | ||||||
935 | C93500 | 85 | 5 | 9 | 1 | 0.5 max | |||||
937 | 4842A | C93700 | 80 | 10 | 10 | 0.7 max | |||||
938 | C93800 | 78 | 7 | 15 | 0.75 max | ||||||
943 | 4840A | C94300 | 70 | 5 | 25 | 0.7 max | |||||
Aluminium bronze | 952 | C95200 | 88 | 3 | 9 | ||||||
953 | C95200 | 89 | 1 | 10 | |||||||
954 | 4870B 4872B | C95400 | 85 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
C95410 | 85 | 4 | 11 | Ni 2 | |||||||
955 | C95500 | 81 | 4 | 4 | 11 | ||||||
C95600 | 91 | 7 | Si 2 | ||||||||
C95700 | 75 | 2 | 3 | 8 | Mn 12 | ||||||
958 | C95800 | 81 | 5 | 4 | 9 | Mn 1 | |||||
Silicon bronze | C87200 | 89 | Si 4 | ||||||||
C87400 | 83 | 14 | Si 3 | ||||||||
C87500 | 82 | 14 | Si 4 | ||||||||
C87600 | 90 | 5.5 | Si 4.5 | ||||||||
878 | C87800 | 80 | 14 | Si 4 | |||||||
C87900 | 65 | 34 | Si 1 | ||||||||
† Chemical composition may vary to yield mechanical properties |